POLITY

EVOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTION

• The Company Rule (1773-1858)
    o Regulating Act, 1773
    o Amending Act, 1781
    o Pitt’s India Act, 1784
    o Amending Act of 1786
    o Charter Act, 1793
    o Charter Act, 1813
    o Charter Act, 1833
    o Charter Act, 1853
• The Crown Rule (1858-1947)
    o Government of India Act, 1858
    o Indian Councils Act, 1861
    o Indian Councils Act, 1892
    o Indian Councils Act, 1909
   o Government of India Act, 1919
    o Simon Commission
    o Government of India Act, 1935
    o Indian Independence Act, 1947
• Drafting and Sources of Indian Constitution)
    o Seminal Sources
    o External Sources
    o Developmental Sources
    o Constitutional Practices
    o Important Committees of the Constituent Assembly and their Chairman

SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

• Constitution and Types
    o What is a Constitution?
    o Types of Constitution
    o Functions of the Constitution
    o Historical evolution of the Constitution
    o Constituent Assembly
    o Objectives of the Constitution
    o Unitary features
    o Federal features
• Types of Political System
    o Types of Political System
    o Types of Government
   o Parliamentary form of government
    o Features of the Presidential System
    o Features of Semi-Presidential System
• Types of Majorities as per the Indian Constitution
    o Absolute Majority
    o Effective Majority
    o Simple Majority
    o Special Majority
• Preamble and Values in the Constitution
    o The objectives laid down in the Preamble
    o Whether the Preamble is a partof the Constitution or not?
    o Whether Preamble can be amended or not?
         Ideals (mentioned in the Preamble)
         Democratic
         Sovereign
         Socialist
         Secular
        Republic
        Justice
         Equality
         Liberty
         Fraternity
         Integrity
• Amendment of the Constitution
    o Procedure for amendment
    o Types of Amendments
    o Amendability of FR’s
    o Ingredients of basic structure
• Doctrine and Terms
    o Doctrine of severability
    o Validity of Re-Constitutional Laws
    o Doctrine of Eclipse
  o Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
    o Doctrine of Pith and Substance
    o Doctrine of Colorable Legislation (Article 246)
    o Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
    o Doctrine of Laches
    o Due Process of Law
    o Procedure Established by Law
• Other Constitutional Dimensions
    o Schedules and Subjects
    o Official Languages

UNION & ITS TERRITORY

• ARTICLE 1-4
    o Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union
    o Committee/commission for StateRe-organisation
    o The State Reorganization Commission(SRC) 1953
    o Article 2: Admit or Establish new State
   o Article 3: Formation of new States andalternation of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
    o Article 4: Laws made under articles2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedule and Supplemental.
    o Delimitation Commission

CITIZENSHIP

• Constitutional Provisions
    o Constitutional provisions of citizenship
    o Citizenship Act, 1955
    o The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2016
    o Methodology of getting citizenship
    o Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India
    o Concept of dual citizenship
    o Special privileges enjoyed bycitizens in India
    o Rights and Duties of Citizens
• Indian Diaspora
    o Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
    o Non-Resident Indians

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

• Evolution Objectives And Features
    o Meaning
    o Objectives
    o Features
    o Importance
    o Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights
• Article 12 and Article 13
    o Definition of state
    o Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
• Right to Equality
   o Article 14: Equality before the lawor the Equal protection of Law
    o Article 15: Prohibition of Discriminationon the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
    o Article 16: Equality of Opportunityin matters of Public Employment
    o Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
    o Article 18: Abolition of Titles
• Right to Freedom
    o Article 19
    o Article 20: (Protection in respectof conviction for offenses)
    o Article 21: Protection of life andpersonal liberty
    o Article 22: Protection against arrestand detention
• Right against Exploitation
    o Article 23: Prohibition of Trafficin human beings and forced labour
    o Article 24: Prohibition of employmentof children in factories, etc
• Right to Freedom of Religion
    o Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation or religion
    o Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
    o Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
    o Article 28: Freedom from attendance religious instruction or worship in educational institutions
• Cultural and Educational Rights
    o Article 29: Protection of interest of Minorities
    o Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
• Right to Constitutional Remedies
    o Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies:
         Habeas Corpus
         Mandamus
         Certiorari
         Prohibition
         Quo Warranto
• FR’s other Dimensions
    o Article 33
    o Article 34
    o Article 35
    o Article 35A        

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)

• Evolution, objectives, and features
    o Basic features
    o Types
    o Amendments
    o Implementation
• Socialistic Principles
  o Article: 38
  o Article:39
    o Article: 39A
    o Article: 41
    o Article: 42
    o Article: 43
    o Article: 43-A
    o Article: 47
• Gandhian Principles
    o Article: 40
    o Article: 43
    o Article: 46
   o Article: 47
    o Article: 48
• Liberal-Intellectual Principles
    o Article: 44
    o Article: 45
    o Article: 48
    o Article: 48A
    o Article: 49
    o Article: 50
    o Article: 51
• Directive Principle Outside Part IV
    o ARTICLE 335 IN PART XVI
    o ARTICLE 350-A IN PART XVII
    o Article 351 in Part XVII

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

• Article: 51A
   o Features
    o Relation between of Fundamental Rightsand Fundamental Duties
    o List Of Fundamental Duties
    o 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 : RTE
• Recent Developments
    o Fundamental Duties – Awareness Campaigns is the Duty of Centre
    o National Anthem – Mandatoryin Cinema Halls – Article 51(a)
    o Prevention of Insults toNational Honour Act, 1971
   o Triple Talaq Issue
    o Uniform Civil Code
    o MGNREGA: Right to Work
    o Making Aadhar mandatory

SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE

• Centre-State Relations
    o Legislative relations (Articles) 245
    o Related to Territorial Powers
    o Related to Legislative Powers
    o Related to Parliament’s Powersto make Laws in State
    o Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Legislative Relations
    o Administrative Relations
    o Delegation of Union Functionsto the States
    o Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Administrative Relations
    o Financial relations
    o National Integration Council
• Inter State Relation
    o Inter state water dispute
    o Inter state councils
    o Inter state trade and commerce
    o Zonal Councils
• Special Provisoions for some States
    o Provisions for Maharastra and Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam and Manipur
    o Provisions for Jammu and Kashmir (A370) (now abrogated)
• Types of Emergencies
    o National Emergency
    o Constitutional/State Emergency /President’s Rule
• Financial Emergency

UNION EXECUTIVE

• President
    o Eligibility
    o Conditions of Office
    o Term of Office
    o Election
    o Manner of Election
    o Impeachment of the President
    o Impeachment of the President
    o Vacancy in the Office of President
    o Powers of the President
 Executive powers (Article 53)
 Legislative Powers
 Financial Powers
 Ordinance Issuing Power (Article 123)
 Judicial/Pardoning Power
 Military
 Diplomatic
 Emergency Powers
• Vice President
    o Qualification
    o Conditions of Office
   o Term of Office
  o Election
    o Removal
    o Vacancy
    o Functions of the Vice-President
• The Prime Minister
    o Appointment
    o Eligibility
    o Powers and Functions of Prime Minister
    o Relationship between the President
and the Prime Minister
    o Deputy Prime Minister
    o Prime Minister’s Office
• Union Council of Minister
    o Article 74: Council of Ministers to aidand advice President
    o Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers
    o Article 77: Conduct of Businessof the Government of India
    o Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister
    o Nature of advice by Ministers
    o Strength of the Council
    o Appointment of a Non-legislator as a Minister
    o Collective responsibility of the Ministers
    o Individual Responsibility of Ministers

UNION LEGISLATURE

• Organisation of Parliament
    o Organisation of Parliament
    o Qualifications and Disqualifications forbeing a Member of Parliament (Article 84)
    o Functions of the Parliament
    o Functioning of the Parliament
    o Sessions of Parliament
    o Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
   o Parliamentary Privileges and Immunities
    o Collective Privileges of the House
    o Individual Privileges
    o Houses of the Parliament
• Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
    o Lok Sabha Composition
    o Rajya Sabha Composition
    o Presiding Officers of the Parliament
    o Speaker
    o Powers & Functions of the speaker
    o Deputy Speaker
    o Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha
    o Speaker Pro Tem
    o Chairman of Rajya Sabha
    o Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
    o Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha
    o Chairman and Deputy chairman of the Council of States
• Legislative Procedure and Committees of Parliament
    o Legislative Procedure in Parliament
    o Ordinary Bill
    o Money Bill
    o Financial Bill
   o Constitution Amendment Bill
    o Lapsing of Bills
    o Annual Financial Statement: Budget (Article 112)
   o Demand of Grants
    o Appropriation Bill
    o Cut motions
    o Stages in Enactment of Budget
    o Other Grants
    o Related Information of Budget
    o Parliamentary committees

STATE EXECUTIVE

• Governor
    o Article 152: Definition
    o Article 153: Governors of States
    o Article 154: Executive power of State
 Powers of Governor
 Executive power
 Legislative power
 Financial Power
 Judicial Power
   o Discretionary power
    o Article 155: Appointment of Governor
    o Article 156: Term of office of Governor
    o Article 157: Qualifications for Appointment as Governor
    o Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office
    o Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the Governor
    o Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
    o Article 161
    o Article 162: Extent of executive power of State
    o Recommendations on the office of Governor
    o ARC (Administrative Reforms Commission)
    o Sarkaria Commission
    o National Commission to Review the working of the Constitution
• The Chief Minister and the CoM
o Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
 In Relation to Council of Ministers
 In relation to the Governor
 In Relation to State Legislature
 Other Powers and Functions
    o Composition of the Council of Ministers
    o Responsibility of Ministers
   o Advocate-General for the State

STATE LEGISLATURE

• Legislative Assembly
    o Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
    o Powers and Functions
    o Speaker & Deputy Speaker
    o Parliament’s Control over State Legislature
• Legislative Council (Article 169)
    o Qualifications
    o Powers and Functions

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

• Panchayati Raj
    o Evolution of the Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI)
    o 73rd Amendment Act of 1992
    o Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions
• Urban Local Government
    o 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
    o Types of Urban Governments In India

UNION TERRITORIES AND SPECIAL AREAS

• Union Territories
    o Creation of Union Territories
    o Administration of UT’s
    o Special provisions for Delhi
    o Special Category Status
• Schedule and Tribal Areas
    o Administration of Schedule Areas
    o Administration of Tribal areas

THE JUDICIARY

• The Supreme Court
    o Chief Justice of India
    o Acting Chief Justice of India
    o Appointment of Supreme Court Judges
    o Qualifications for Supreme Court Judges
    o Removal of a Supreme Court Judges
    o Process of Impeachment
    o Ad hoc and Retired Judges
    o Salaries and allowances of SupremeCourt Judges
    o Chief Justices of India (Since 1951)
    o Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
    o Judicial Independence
    o Judiciary Executive Relations
• The High Court Subordinate Courts & Lok Adalats
    o The High Courts
    o Jurisdiction of the High Courts
    o Subordinate Courts
    o Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
    o Alternative dispute Resolution
    o Lok Adalat
    o All India Judicial Service
   o E-governance in Judiciary
    o Judicial Impact Assessment
    o Judges Standards and AccountabilityBill, 2010
    o National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)

CONSTITUTIONAL & NON CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

• Constitutional Bodies
    o Finance Commission
 Constitution
 Functions
    o Comptrollerand Auditor General of India
 Comptroller and Auditor-General
    o Attorney-General of India
 Appointment
 Functions and Responsibilities
    o Other Constitutional Bodies
 All India Services
 Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
    o State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
    o Joint State public Service Commission (JSPSC)
    o National Commission For SCs
    o National Commission For STs
    o Special Officer for Linguistic Minority
    o The Advocate General (Article 165)
• Non Constitutional
    o Special officer for linguistic Minorities
    o Central Information Commission
    o State Information Commission
    o Lokpal and Lok Ayukta
    o National Human Rights Commission
    o State Human Right Commission
    o CVC (Central Vigillance Commission)

POLITICAL DYNAMICS

• Political Parties and Election
    o Electoral System in India
    o Electoral Reforms Since 1988
    o Salient features of the Representation of People Act, 1950
 Salient features of Representation of Peoples Act, 1951
 Elections in India
 Electoral reforms since 1988
 Criminalization of politics
 Negative or neutral voting
 State funding of Election
 Irregularities in polling
    o Types of Political Parties
    o Party System in India
    o Political Parties in India
 Problems in the working of parties
 Casteism and Politic
 Strengthening of Anti-defection measures
    o Pressure Groups
 Meaning and Techniques
 Pressure Groups in India
 Types of pressure groups
 Role of pressure groupin developing countries
 Functions of pressure groups in India
 Pressure groups methods
 Pressure groups and Democracy
 Criticism of pressure groups      

GOVERNANCE

• Governing Institutions in India
    o Structure of Ministries/departments
    o Political head
    o Secretariat organization secretary
    o Functions of the secretariat
    o Functions of attached and subordinate office
    o Other organizations
    o Public sector undertakings
   o The Executive organization
    o Advantages of the separation   of secretariat and executive organization.
    o Strengths and weaknesses of theexisting structure
    o Recommendations for improvingthe Organizational structure
• Audit and other Transparency initiatives
    o CVC
   o CAG
    o Lokpal
    o Lok Ayukta
• Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society
    o SHGs
 Characteristics
 Role of SHGs in development
   o NGOs
 Functions
 Role of NGOs in development
    o Micro Finance Institutions
 Salient features
 Role of MFIs in development
• Social Sector Bills
o
 The Juvenile Justice (Care andProtection of Children) Act
 Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016
 Child Labour (Prohibitionand Amendment) Bill, 2016
 Maternity Benefit Bill, 2016
 Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act
 Mental Health Care Bill, 2013
 Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO)
 Anti Trafficking Bill with Stringent Penalty
 HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control)Bill- 2014 – Amendments
 Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – SC WidensAmbit
 Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesBill, 2014 with more Benefit
 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights)Bill 2016
 The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act
• Welfare Schemes
•
o
 Health                                                      
 National Health Mission
 National Ayush Mission
 Jan Aushadhi Scheme
 Mission Indradhanush
 NFHS-4 survey
 Education
 Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat
 Mid Day Meal Scheme
 GIAN (Global Initiative ofAcademic Networks)
 SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active –Learning for Young Aspiring Minds)
 Start-up and Skill Development
 Start Up India Scheme
 Stand up India Scheme
 National Student Start-up Policy
 National Skill Development Mission
 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
 Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana
 Skill Development Initiative Scheme
 Self-Employment & Talent Utilisation (SETU)
 Atal Innovation Mission
 Vulnerable Sector
 Social Security
 Atal Pension Yojana
 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
 Nai Roshni Scheme
 USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development)
 Nai Manzil Scheme
 Women and Child Development
 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
 Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
 Digital Gudda Guddi Board
 Ujjawala Scheme
 Janani Suraksha Yojana
 Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
 SC/ST
 Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
 Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
 Disability
 Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)
 Rural and Urban Development
 Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
 Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan
 Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission
 Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
 Swachch Bharat Abhiyan
 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin
 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban
 Housing for all by 2022
 Smart Cities Mission
 Hriday – National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
 Amrut (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
 Inclusive growth
 Measurement criteria
 Government initiatives for inclusive growth
 Basic Amenities: Housing/Drinking Waters/Sanitations
 Sustainable Development
 Rural Development
 Rural development and poverty alleviation
 Review of the existing Programmes
 Development Administration
 Panchayati Raj
 Agriculture and Rural Development
 Miscellaneous schemes
 Digilocker
 Bharatnet Project (National Optical Fibre Network)
 INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research)
 SAKAAR
 Digital India
 Namami Gange Project (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission Project)
 Ganga Gram Yojana
 Khelo India
 PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation)
 Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)             

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• India’s Foreign Policy

    o Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy

   o Post 1990 Scenario

    o Global Issues

• South Asia

    o India – Nepal Relations

    o India and Bhutan

    o India-Afghanislam Relations

    o India-Bangladesh Relations

    o India-Maldives Relations

    o India-Sri Lanka Relations

   o India-Myanmar Relations

    o India-Pakistan Relations

    o SAARC

   o NAM (Non-Alignment Movement): Relevance

• Central Asia

    o Mongolia

   o Kazakhastan

    o Tukmenistan

    o Uzbekistan

• West Asia

    o India – UAE Relations     

    o India IRAN Relations

    o Israel and Palestine Relations

    o India – Israel Relations

    o India – Saudi Arabia

• Asia – Pacific

    o Asia-Pacific Region

    o India-South East Asia Relations

    o India-Asean Cooperation

  o Indo-Japan Relations

    o Indo-Australia Relations

   o India – South Korea Relations

    o India-Vietnam

• Africa

    o India-South Africa Relations

    o India-Nigeria Relations

    o India-Kenya Relations

    o India-Sudan Relations

• Europe

    o India-Russia Relations

    o India-France Relations

    o India-Germany Relations

    o India-United Kingdom Relations

    o India-EU Kingdom Relations

• US-China

    o India-USA Relations

    o India-China Relations

• Indian Ocean Region

    o Seychelles

    o Mauritius

    o Maldives

• Indian Diaspora

    o Indian Diaspora in West

    o Indian Diaspora in Gulf

    o Indian Diaspora in Eastand Middle East